Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Yadav, S. M.
- Prediction of Total Load Transport of an Indian Alluvial River to Estimate Unmeasured Bed Load through an Alternative Approach
Abstract Views :204 |
PDF Views:68
Authors
Affiliations
1 Civil Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395 007, IN
1 Civil Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395 007, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 06 (2017), Pagination: 1120-1128Abstract
Predicting sediment transport in a natural stream is essential to adequately design different hydraulic structures like bridge piers, dam, causeway, etc., having a long service life. The prediction of sediment transport is a challenging task keeping in view the dynamic conditions of stream flow, which in turn depends upon a number of continuously and randomly changing flow parameters, channel parameters and fluid properties and thus no uniform mathematical or physical relationship can be adopted for prediction of sediment transport. The available empirical solutions, based mostly on regression, vary largely from one site condition to other. In India the bed load data is rarely measured and thus the availability of total load data for Indian alluvial river is virtually non existent and therefore a true empirical relationship cannot be developed for predicting total load in Indian streams. The present study aims to bridge this gap through a three-prong approach to predict the total load of an alluvial river (Shetrunji River). The unavailable (unmeasured) bed load data is computed using firstly, selected bed load transport equations and secondly, using Maddock’s estimation. These computed total load (computed bed load plus observed suspended load) are compared with the total load transport predicted using Yang’ 1973 and Yang’ 1979 Unit Stream Power (USP) equations. It was found that the best prediction of total load is obtained for Yang’1973 equation, when Shields (1936) bed load formula is used to compute bed load or when bed load is taken as 5% of observed suspended load. This methodology can be applied to predict the total load of rivers with reasonably good accuracy even in the absence of unmeasured bed load.Keywords
Alluvial Rivers, Bed Load, Empirical Relationship, Sediment Transport, Suspended Load.Full Text
References
- Garde, R. J. and Ranga Raju, K. G., Mechanics of Sediment Transportation and Alluvial Stream Problems, New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi, 2000, 3rd edn.
- Shields, A., Application of similarity principles and turbulence research to bed-load movement. Mitteilungen derPruessischen Versuchsanstalt fuer Wasserbau and Schiffbau, Berlin, 1936, vol. 26, pp. 5–24.
- Einstein, H. A., The bedload function for sediment transport in open channel flow. US Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Technical Bulletin, No. 1026, 1950.
- Bagnold, R. A., An approach to the sediment transport problem from general physics. US Geological Survey, Professional Paper 422-J, 1966.
- Parker, G., Hydraulic geometry of active gravel rivers. J. Hydraul. Eng., 1979, 105(9), 1185–1201.
- Swamee, P. K. and Ojha, C. S. P., Bed load and suspended load transport of non-uniform sediments. J. Hydraul. Eng., 1991, 117(6), 774–787.
- Julien, P. Y., River Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 434.
- Recking, A., A simple method for calculating reach-averaged bed load transport. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2013, 139(1); doi:10.1061.
- Parker, G., Kilingeman, P. C. and Mclean, D. G., Bed load and size distribution in paved gravel-bed streams. J. Hydraul. Div. (ASCE), 1982, 108(4), 544–571.
- Misri, R. L., Ranga Raju, K. G. and Garde, R. J., Bed load transport of coarse non-uniform sediments. J. Hydraul. Eng., 1984, 110(3), 312–328.
- Samaga, B. R., Ranga Raju, K. G. and Garde, R. J., Bed load transport of sediment mixtures. J. Hydraul. Eng., 1986, 112(11), 1003–1018.
- Mittal, M. K., Porey, P. D. and Ranga Raju, K. G., Bed load transport of non-uniform sediments. In Proceedings of the Euromech 262 Colloquium on Sand Transport in Rivers, Estuaries and the Sea, CRC Press, Wallingford, UK, 1990.
- Bridge, J. S. and Bennett, S. J., A model for the entrainment and transport of sediment grains of mixed sizes, shapes and densities. Water Resour. Res., 1992, 28(2), 337–363.
- Patel, P. L. and Ranga Raju, K. G., Fraction wise calculation of bed load transport. J. Hydraul. Res., 1996, 34(3), 363–379.
- Fang, D. and Yu, G. L., Bed load transport in cobble-bed rivers. In Proceedings of International Water Resources Engineering Conference, Memphis, USA, 1998.
- Blench, T., Mobile-Bed Fluvialogy, A Regime Theory Treatment of Canals and Rivers for Engineers and Hydrologists, The University of Alberta Press, Alberta, Canada, 1969.
- Kennedy, R. G., Prevention of silting in irrigation canals. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., 2015, 119(1895), 281–290.
- Lacey, G., Stable channel in alluvium. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., 2015, 229(1930), 259–292.
- Shen, H. W. and Hung, C. S., An engineering approach to total bed-material load by regression analysis. In Proceedings of the Sedimentation Symposium, Berkeley, USA, 1972, pp. 14-1–14-17.
- Karim, M. F. and Kennedy, J. F., Means of coupled velocity and sediment-discharge relationships for rivers. J. Hydraul. Eng., 1990, 116(8), 973–996.
- Toffaletti, F. B., Definitive computations of sand discharge in rivers. J. Hydraul. Div. (ASCE), 1969, 95(HY I), 225–246.
- Colby, B. R. and Hembree, C. H., Computation of total sediment discharge, Niobrara River near Cody, Nebraska. US Geological Survey Water Supply, Paper no. 1357, 1955.
- Ackers, P. and White, W. R., Sediment transport: a new approach and analysis. J. Hydraul. Div. (ASCE), 1973, 99(HY11), 2041–2060.
- Yang, C. T., Incipient motion and sediment transport. J. Hydraul. Div. (ASCE), 1973, 99(HY10), 1679–1704.
- Yang, C. T., Unit stream power and sediment transport. J. Hydraul. Div. (ASCE), 1979, 98(HY10), 1805–1826.
- Yang, C. T., Unit stream power equation for gravel. J. Hydraul. Eng. (ASCE), 1984, 110(12), 1783–1797.
- Vanoni, V. A., Predicting Sediment Discharge in Alluvial Channels, Water Supply and Management, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1978, pp. 399–417.
- Waikhom, S. I., Prajapati, N. H. and Yadav, S. M., Evaluation of unit stream power approach for predicting total load transport rate. In Proceedings, Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources, Coastal and Environmental Engineering, IIT Roorkee, 2015.
- Hassanzadeh, H., Faiznia, S., ShafaiBajestan, M. and Motamed, A., Estimate of sediment transport rate at Karkheh River in Iran using selected transport formulas. World Appl. Sci. J., 2011, 13(2), 376–384.
- Nakato, T., Tests of selected sediment-transport formulas. J. Hydraul. Eng., 1990, 116(3), 362–379.
- Yang, C. T. and Molinas, A., Sediment transport and unit stream power equation. J. Hydraul. Div. (ASCE), 1982, 108(6), 774–793.
- Thomas, T., Jaiswal, R. K., Galkate, R. V. and Singh, S., Estimation of revised capacity in Shetrunji Reservoir using remote sensing and GIS. In J. Indian Water Resour. Soc., 2009, 29(3).
- Maddock, T., In Sediment Engineering, Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice (ed. Vanoni, V. A.), ASCE, New York, USA, 2006, vol. 54.
- Nagy, H. M., Watanabe, K. and Hirano, M., Prediction of sediment load concentration in rivers using artificial neural network model. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2002, 128(6), 588–595.
- Sinnakaudan, S. K., Ab Ghani, A., Ahmad, M. S. S. and Zakaria, N. A., Multiple linear regression model for total bed material load prediction. J. Hydraul. Eng. (ASCE), 2006, 132(5), 521–528.
- Lane, E. W. and Borland, W. M, Estimating bed load transport, American Geophysical Union, 1951, vol. 32, issue 1, pp. 121–123.
- Vanoni, V. A. (ed.), Sediment Engineering, Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice, ASCE, New York, USA, 2006, vol. 54.
- Yang, C. T., Sediment Transport: Theory and Practice, McGraw Hill Series in Water Resources and Environment, McGraw Hill, New York, USA, 1996.
- Waikhom, S. I. and Yadav, S. M., Testing of Maddock’s approximate estimation of bed load for rivers. In Proceedings of National Conference on Water Resources and Flood Management, Surat, Gujarat, India, 2016.
- Evaluation and calibration of bedload equation for the mountain ephemeral stream of Gujarat, India
Abstract Views :209 |
PDF Views:78
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395 007, India, IN
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395 007, India, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 123, No 12 (2022), Pagination: 1499-1507Abstract
Bedload is rarely measured in Indian rivers. It is recommended that 5% of suspended load can be taken as bedload in the absence of measured bedload. The present study validates this by direct physical measurement of bedload using the Helley–Smith sampler in an ephemeral mountain stream of Gujarat, India. It was observed that, on an average, the bedload formed 3.97% of the suspended load. The measured bedload flux was 1.02 tonnes/day. To overcome the need and dependability on actual physical bedload measurement, a bedload rating curve against specific discharge was developed to predict the bedload rate in the study reach. Few prominent existing bedload equations selected from the literature were tested against the measured bedload, which over-predicted the bedload transport rate with a discrepancy ratio greater than 2 and RMSE 2.4–48. A calibration coefficient x = 0.00167 was introduced in the widely used Recking (2013) equation for the study reach resulting in an improvement of the coefficient of variation as 1.92 and RMSE as 1.35Keywords
Bedload, hydraulic parameters, mountain stream, sediment transport, suspended load.Full Text
References
- Walling, D. E. and Fang, D., Recent trends in the suspended sedi-ment loads of the world’s rivers. Global Planet. Change, 2003, 39(1–2), 111–126; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(03)00020-1.
- Tundu, C., Tumbare, M. J. and Onema, J. M. K., Sedimentation and its impacts/effects on river system and reservoir water quality: case study of Mazowe catchment, Zimbabwe. Proc. Int. Assoc.Hydrolog. Sci., 2018, 377, 57; doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-377-57-2018.
- Yadav, S. M. and Samtani, B. K., Bedload equation evaluation based on alluvial river data, India. KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 2008, 12(6), 427– 433; doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-008-0427-z.
- Yang, C. T., The movement of sediment in rivers. Geophys.Surv., 1977, 3(1), 39–68; doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01449182.
- Yang, C. T., Sediment Transport: Theory and Practice, McGraw-Hill Book Co, USA, 1996.
- Brambilla, D., Papini, M. and Longoni, L., Temporal and spatial variability of sediment transport in a mountain river: a preliminary investigation of the Caldone River, Italy. Geosciences, 2018, 8(5), 163; doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8050163.
- Abbott, J. E. and Francis, J. R. D., Saltation and suspension trajec-tories of solid grains in a water stream. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Series A, 1977, 284(1321), 225–254; doi:https://doi.org/10.1098/ rsta.1977.0009.
- Pourhosein, M., Afzalimehr, H., Singh, V. P. and Dehghani, A. A., Evaluation of bedload in a gravel-bed river. Int. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2015, 4(3), 70–79; doi:10.5923/j.ijhe.20150403.03.
- Latosinski, F. G., Szupiany, R. N., García, C. M., Guerrero, M. and Amsler, M. L., Estimation of concentration and load of suspended bed sediment in a large river by means of acoustic Doppler tech-nology. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2014, 140(7), 04014023; doi:https:// doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000859.
- Guo, J., Hunter rouse and shields diagram. In Advances in Hydrau-lics and Water Engineering: Volumes I and II, Proceedings of the 13th IAHR-APD Congress, Singapore, 6–8 August 2002, pp. 1096– 1098; doi:https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812776969_0200.
- Yadav, S. M. and Samtani, B. K., Evaluation and improvement of bedload formula using Tapi River data, India. J. Water Resour.Prot., 2010, 2(3), 245–250; doi:10.4236/jwarp.2010.23028.
- McCarron, C. J., Van Landeghem, K. J., Baas, J. H., Amoudry, L. O.and Malarkey, J., The hiding-exposure effect revisited: a method to calculate the mobility of bimodal sediment mixtures. Mar. Geol., 2019, 410, 22–31; doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2018.12.001.
- Emmett, W. W., A Field Calibration of the Sediment-trapping Characteristics of the Helley–Smith Bedload Sampler, US Govern-ment Printing Office, Ver River, Gujarat, 1979, vol. 1139.
- Yadav, S. M., Yadav, V. K. and Gilitwala, A., Evaluation of bedload equations using field measured bedload and bed material load. ISH J. Hydraul. Eng., 2019, 1–11; doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2019.1594417.
- Liu, Y., Métivier, F., Lajeunesse, É., Lancien, P., Narteau, C., Ye, B. and Meunier, P., Measuring bedload in gravel-bed mountain rivers: averaging methods and sampling strategies. Geodin. Acta, 2008, 21(1–2), 81–92; doi:https://doi.org/10.3166/ga.21.81-92.
- Gaudet, J. M., Roy, A. G. and Best, J. L., Effect of orientation and size of Helley–Smith sampler on its efficiency. J. Hydraul. Eng., 1994, 120(6), 758–766; doi:https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:6(758).
- Vericat, D., Church, M. and Batalla, R. J., Bed load bias: compari-son of measurements obtained using two (76 and 152 mm) Helley– Smith samplers in a gravel bed river. Water Resour. Res., 2006, 42(1), 1–74; doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004025
- Waikhom, S. I. and Yadav, S. M., Prediction of total load transport of an Indian alluvial river to estimate unmeasured bedload through an alternative approach. Curr. Sci., 2017, 113(6), 1120–1128; doi:10.18520/cs/v113/i06/1120-1128.
- Hubbell, D. W., Apparatus and techniques for measuring bedload. USGS Water Supply Paper No. 1748, 1964.
- Ryan, S. E. and Porth, L. S., A field comparison of three pressure-difference bedload samplers. Geomorphology, 1999, 30(4), 307–322; doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00059-8.
- Song, T., Chiew, Y. M. and Chin, C. O., Effect of bed-load movement on flow friction factor. J. Hydraul. Eng., 1998, 124(2), 165–175; doi:https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1998)124:2(165).
- Schoklitsch, A., Der Geschiebetrieb und die Geschiebefracht, Was-serkraft und Wasserwirtschaft, 1934, 29(4), 37–43.
- Kalinske, A. A., Movement of sediment as bedload in rivers. Eos,Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 1947, 28(4), 615–620; doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i004p00615.
- Meyer-Peter, E. and Müller, R., Formulas for bed-load transport. In IAHSR 2nd Meeting, Stockholm, Sweden, Appendix 2, IAHR, 1948; http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4fda9b61-be28-4703-ab06-43cdc2-a21bd7.
- Brown, C. B., Sediment transportation. Eng. Hydraul., 1950, 12,769–857.
- Recking, A., Simple method for calculating reach-averaged bed-load transport. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2013, 139(1), 70–75; doi:https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000653.
- Gomez, B. and Church, M., An assessment of bedload sediment transport formulae for gravel bed rivers. Water Resour. Res., 1989, 25(6), 1161–1186; doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i006p01161.
- Yager, E. M., Turowski, J. M., Rickenmann, D. and McArdell, B. W., Sediment supply, grain protrusion, and bedload transport in mountain streams. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2012, 39(10), pp. 4581–4592; doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051654.
- Sharma, A. and Kumar, B., Comparison of flow turbulence over asand bed and gravel bed channel. Water Supply, 2021, 21(8), 4581–4592; doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.201.
- Ancey, C., Bohorquez, P. and Bardou, E., Sediment transport in mountain rivers. ERCOFTAC Bulletin 100, Switzerland, Septem-ber 2014.
- Aksel, M., Dikici, M. and Cokgor, S., Bed load transport estima-tions in Goodwin creek using neural network methods. Int. J. Envi-ron. Geoinf., 2021, 8(2), 200; doi:10.30897/ijegeo.794723